Structure: Good structure and went through all the basic principles of statistics in detail. Appreciated how it did not have to go through the methodology of each method, but taught us how to appreciate it and understand the data as it was presented in the literature. I liked how John went through the examples in the literature so it was good to see how it was utilised in practice. I wish there was a separate course to teach us how to use these methods with sample data, perhaps a taster of this would have been good to include? but I do understand that would be challenging for some. I think some in-video questions would have been good to check-up on the progress of learning.

This module, along with module 2B introduces two key concepts in statistics/epidemiology, confounding and effect modification. A relation between an outcome and exposure of interested can be confounded if a another variable (or variables) is associated with both the outcome and the exposure. In such cases the crude outcome/exposure associate may over or under-estimate the association of interest. Confounding is an ever-present threat in non-randomized studies, but results of interest can be adjusted for potential confounders.